SCP SC0-502 Value Pack (Frequently Bought Together)

You have now seen to it that all end users and computers in the Testbed office have received their certificates. The administrative staff has been trained on their use and function in the network. The following day, you meet with Blue to discuss the progress.
"So far so good," starts Blue, "all the users have their certificates, all the computers have their certificates. I think we are moving forward at a solid pace. We have talked about the ways we will use our certificates, and we need to move towards securing our network traffic."
"I agree," you reply, "last week I ran a scheduled scan, and we still have vulnerability in our network traffic. The folks from MassiveCorp would love to have a sniffer running in here, I sure of that."
"That's exactly the point. We need a system in place that will ensure that our network traffic is not so vulnerable to sniffing. We have" to get some protection for our packets. I'd like you to design the system and then we can review it together."
The meeting ends a few minutes later, and you are back in your office working on the design. Choose the best solution for protecting the network traffic in the executive office of the Testbed campus:}

• A. After further analysis on the situation, you decide that you will need to block traffic in a more complete way at the border firewalls. You have decided that by implementing stricter border control, you will be able to manage the security risk of the packets that enter and leave the network better.
  You implement a new firewall at each border crossing point. You will configure half of the firewalls with Checkpoint FW-1 NG and the other half with Microsoft ISA. By using two different firewalls, you are confident that you will be minimizing any mass vulnerability.
  At each firewall you implement a new digital certificate for server authentication, and you configure the firewall to require every user to authenticate all user connections. You block all unauthorized traffic and run remote test scans to ensure that no information is leaking through.
  Once the test scans are complete, you verify that all users are required to authenticate with the new firewall before their traffic is allowed to pass, and everything works as you planned.
• B. You decide that you will implement an IPSec solution, using custom IPSec settings. You wish to utilize the digital certificates that are available in the network. You decide that you wish for there to be maximum strength, and therefore you choose to implement IPSec using both AH and ESP.
  First, you configure a custom policy for the servers in the network. You verify that none of the default policies are currently implemented, and you create a new policy. Your new policy will use SHA for AH and SHA+3DES for ESP. You make sure that the policy is to include all IP traffic, and for Authentication Method, you use the certificate that is assigned to each server. You reboot the servers that you can and use secedit to force the others to refresh their policy.
  Next, with the help of the administrative staff, you will configure each client in the network. For the clients, you verify that no default policy is enabled, and you create a policy that uses SHA for AH and SHA+3DES for ESP. You make sure that the policy is to include all IP traffic, and for Authentication Method, you use the certificate that is assigned to each server. You reboot the client machines that you can and use secedit to force the others to refresh their policy.
• C. You spend time analyzing the network and decide that the best solution is to take advantage of VPN technology. You will create one VPN endpoint in each building. Your plan is to create a unique tunnel between each building.
  You first install a new Microsoft machine, and configure it to perform the functions of Routing and Remote Access. You then create a tunnel endpoint, and configure each machine to use L2TP to create the tunnel.
  To increase security, you will implement full 256-bit encryption on each tunnel, and you will use 3DES on one half of the tunnels and AES on the other half of the tunnels. You will be sure that each tunnel uses the same algorithm on both ends, but by using two algorithms you are sure that you have increased the security of the network in a significant way.
• D. You decide that you will implement an IPSec solution, using the built-in functionality of Windows. You decide that you wish for there to be maximum strength, and therefore you choose to implement IPSec using both AH and ESP.
  First, you configure each server in the network with a new IPSec policy. You choose to implement the default Server IPSec Policy. Using this policy you are sure that all communication both to and from the server will utilize IPSec. You reboot the servers that you can and use secedit to force the others to refresh their policy.
  Next, with the help of the administrative staff, you will configure each client in the network. For the clients, you use the default Client IPSec Policy. You reboot the client machines that you can and use secedit to force the others to refresh their policy.
• E. You decide that you will implement an IPSec solution, using custom IPSec settings. You wish to utilize the digital certificates that are available in the network. You decide that you wish for there to be maximum strength, and therefore you choose to implement IPSec using both AH and ESP.
  First, you configure a custom policy for the servers in the network. To increase strength, you will implement your custom policy on top of the default Server IPSec Policy. You verify that the policy is running, and then you create a new policy. Your new policy will use SHA+3DES for AH and SHA for ESP. You make sure that the policy is to include all IP traffic, and for Authentication Method, you use the certificate that is assigned to each server. You reboot the servers that you can and use secedit to force the others to refresh the two policies.
  Next, with the help of the administrative staff, you will configure each client in the network. For the clients you also need the highest in security, so you will use a custom policy on the default policy. You verify that the default Client IPSec policy is enabled, and then you create a policy that uses SHA+3DES for AH and SHA for ESP. You make sure that the policy is to include all IP traffic, and for Authentication Method, you use the certificate that is assigned to each server. You reboot the client machines that you can and use secedit to force the others to refresh the two policies.

Although you feel that you have taken solid steps in the security of MegaCorp, you would like to have some more analysis and documentation of the state of the network, and the systems in place protecting MegaCorp resources.
The CEO wants to know what MegaCorp should be spending on securing these resources, and wants justification for the numbers that you provide. You inform the group that you will be able to provide them with a Risk Analysis on the defined resources, and you also suggest that MegaCorp perform a full business Risk Analysis, and that they make it part of their policy to perform ongoing analysis.
During the first meeting after the agreement on analysis, a sales manager tells you the following; "We are rolling out a new online sales component to our organization. It will be up to you to design the system for this, but we anticipate it being up and running next month and are looking to have initial revenues of around $1,000 per day through that component."
"All right," you respond "If the initial revenues are going to be around $1,000 per day, what are you projecting will be the daily revenue through this in 6 and 12 months?"
The CEO answers this question, "Our projections are to have an average of about $2,000 per day in six months and $3,000 per day within a year."
"And, what is this system going to be responsible for? By that I mean, is this just an order taking machine, is it tied into inventory, is it tied into shipping, and so on?" you ask.
"Right now, and as far as the current plan goes, this is an order taking system. It will not be tied into any of our other systems."
"Are we going to get a new Internet connection for this server, or is it going to run off the current connection we have? I recommend a new connection, but am curious to know if that has been considered."
"I think we can stick with our current connection for the time being. If it seems like there is a need in the future for the expenses of a new connection, we can discuss it then. Anything else?"
"Not right now, as issues come up I will talk to you about them." The rest of the meeting does not require your attendance, so you head back to your office.
Based on your knowledge of the MegaCorp environment, select the solution that best allow you to justify the expense of protecting the new server.}

• A. You decide to perform a Quantitative Risk Analysis on the server. You meet with the sales director to find out that the server will only hold a copy of the catalog. You estimate that since the system will be directly connected with a public IP Address, and since it will hold customer data that it is a likely target for attack.
  You know that you have solid security systems in place, but you think there will be a legitimate attack to compromise this server at least once per month. Based on this information you decide that the ARO is 12, and the SLE will be one day of operation plus one day to restore the system, therefore $6,000. With an ARO of 12, and with a SLE of $6,000 you determine that the ALE for the system is $72,000.
  You report to the CEO that although the current security systems in place are solid, this server requires security of it own. You identify the $72,000 that could be lost every year due to attacks, and request resources to properly protect the server.
• B. With only this one single system to analyze, you decide that a Quantitative Risk Analysis is appropriate. You identify three major threats: Power Outage, Administrator-level system compromise, and Denial of Service attacks. You assign the power outage a low likelihood, the administrative compromise a medium likelihood, and the DoS a high likelihood.
  You assign the power outage a high level of damage, you assign the administrative compromise a high level of damage, and you assign the DoS a low level of damage. Since the likelihood of the power outage is low, you do not recommend spending any new money on this in your report to the CEO. Since the level of damage is so high due to the administrative compromise, you recommend new security systems to protect against that threat. You recommend that the systems in place to mitigate the threat of the administrative compromise also be capable of addressing the DoS threat.
• C. Since this is the only system that you are requested to analyze, and the CEO is looking for numbers, you decide to run a fast Qualitative Risk Analysis. You know that the server is going to generate $6,000 per month, and you think there will most likely be an attack on the server at least twice a month. This means that for this server, you have an SLE of $6,000 and an ALE of 24. With an SLE of $6,000, and with an ALE of 24, you determine that the SRO for the system is $144,000.
  You report to the CEO that there is a risk of $144,000 to this server every year, and you recommend that for the first year that full risk amount be spent on mitigating the risk, so that in subsequent years you can report the risk has been reduced to zero.
• D. You decide to perform a Qualitative Risk Analysis on the new server. You organize a short meeting with the sales director to get a better idea of what will be stored on the system. You know the projected sales volumes, and you find out that on the system will be nothing more than a catalog, where people can order MegaCorp products.
  Since there is nothing of value stored on the server, you decide that the Level of Damage that would happen if this system is compromised is low and that the Likelihood of an Attack to gain access is low. Since the company needs the system for sales, you decide that the threat of a power loss is significant.
  Your report back to the CEO is that the current security systems in place are adequate for the new system, that it will be protected by the firewall and IDS. You do request to increase the resources for power equipment, specifically a large battery backup for the server.
• E. You decide to follow the Facilitated Risk Analysis Process (FRAP) for the server. You sit down in your office by yourself, and you list out the vulnerabilities that might exist for the server. You then categorize those vulnerabilities into High, Medium, and Low.
  Taking each individual vulnerability that you discovered, you further detail that listing the degree of impact that vulnerability could have, again categorizing them as High, medium, and Low.
  When you are done, you have a list that shows five vulnerabilities, only one of them High, and that is attempted system compromise. You have identified this vulnerability to have a Low impact, since it will only contain the MegaCorp catalog and no other critical services.
  You report back to the CEO that the current systems in place are adequate, and your only suggestion is to possibly increase the power backup to a larger model for the server.

You finish the work you were doing in the morning, and head out to the monthly meeting. During this meeting, the Vice President of Strategic Partner Relations informs the group of some news, "we have decided that we need to implement a new web site that is for our strategic partners only. This site will be used for various purposes, but will primarily be used as a means of information exchange."
"So, is this going to be a private site?" asks Orange.
"Absolutely. We will not want any public users on this website. It's just for the people we identify in our Strategic Partner Program. I need those of you in security to be sure that this site is secure." "We can take care of that. How many people do you think will be accessing the site?" asks
Orange.
"Not too many, perhaps around fifty."
"So, is it correct to assume that you know each of these fifty people?"
"Yes, that is correct."
"OK, well this should not be too hard. Wel get working on this right away."
The meeting ends, and you and Orange chat more about the web site issue.
"Well, we know that only around fifty people are going to access the, and we know who these fifty
are. This should not cause too many problems," Orange says.
"I agree. Do you think it will be all right to spend any money outside of the site itself?" you ask.
"Since we are dealing with so few people, that shouldn be a problem. However, we cannot go
overboard. Go ahead and write up plan for this and get it back to me in a day or two."
Based on your knowledge of GlobalCorp, choose the best solution to the web site security issue.}

• A. You decide to use strong authentication via biometrics, specifically fingerprint scanning to secure the web site. You will first install a new IIS web server to host the site. You then configure fifty user accounts for the remote users, and assign those accounts very strong passwords.
  You then ship one biometric mouse and software to each remote client. You call each user and walk them through the process of configuration of their equipment. First, you tell them to create a matching user account with the same user name and very strong password as you used on the IIS server. You then have them install the software, which you instruct them to configure so that the biometric will be linked to the user account.
  Once the software is installed, you instruct them to connect the mouse to their system and load the appropriate driver. With the driver installed, you tell them how to load the program and enroll their fingerprint. Once they have their fingerprint enrolled, and it is matched to their user account, you let them know that their side of the configuration is complete, and that you will call them shortly to finish the process.
  You return to the configuration of the IIS server. In the Security properties of the website, you select the Advanced authentication tab. On the Advanced tab, you check the box for mapping user accounts to external biometric devices, and you check the box to allow the remote machine to control the mapping. You finish the configuration by configuring the site to use 128-bit RSA to encrypt the data between the client and the server.
  With the server configuration done, you call the client back and have them log in using their biometric mouse. Once logged in, you instruct them to connect to the website and verify the secure site is running.
• B. You decide that you will use freely available PGP certificates to secure access to the website. You will first install a new IIS web server to hose the site. You then configure one user account, with a strong password. You map this account as the only account that has access to the website.
  You then log on locally, as this user account, to the server and create a public\private key pair. From that account you then send an outgoing email to all fifty users with the account private key. You finish the configuration of the website by making changes in the Security properties of the website.
  In the Security properties, you select the Advanced tab. On the Advanced tab, you check the box to map this account to a local digital certificate, and you select the new certificate you just created.
  Next, you contact each remote user and instruct them to open the email from you. You have them store the key they receive in their personal certificate store. To verify the install is correct, you walk them through the process of viewing their certificates in the MMC. Once verified, you have the user connect to the website, and enter the location of their certificate when asked for authentication credentials.
• C. You decide that you will use digital certificates to secure the web site. You will first install a new private CA that the remote users can connect to and request their certificates. This CA will be protected with a very strong password. Each user will be given a user account to access the CA, also protected with a strong password.
  Next, you install the new private web server. You then connect to the new CA and make a request for a certificate for the web site. Once you receive the certificate, you configure the web site to use the certificate to Require a Secure Channel (SSL). You then select the option to require client certificates, and you enable mapping for each user account.
  Finally, you will call each person and instruct them on the process of connecting to the CA and requesting their certificate, which you will instruct them to store on their local machine. Once they have their certificate, you have them test access to the site, and when successful you move on to the next person.
• D. You decide to use existing security technology of digital certificates and SSL to secure the site. You first install a new IIS server that will be the host of the web site. You then connect to the GlobalCorp CA for the executive building and request a new certificate for the web site.
  You then configure the web site to Require a Secure Channel (SSL) and install the certificate. One you install the new certificate, you connect from the new server to the CA in each office where one or more of the fifty people that require access works. At that CA, you install the CA certificate, so that the new server will trust the certificates that each CA issues.
  Next, you return to the configuration of the new web site. To make the site more secure, you require client certificates, and enable mappings for each user account. You call each user and ensure that they have a certificate from their own CA, which the new server now trusts. You walk them through the process of connecting to the site, and verify that secure access to them has been granted.
• E. You decide to use digital certificates on smart cards to secure the web site. You will first install a new IIS web server to host the site. You then connect to the CA_SERVER and request a new certificate for the server. The server certificate will be used for authentication, and you have the certificate issued and stored on a portable USB drive.
  You then configure a machine to function as the enrollment machine for smart cards. You are going to manage the smart cards yourself. At the machine that you are going to use for the smart cards, you first configure the system with an enrollment agent certificate from the CA_SERVER, and then you install the driver for the smart card reader.
  Once the driver is installed, you make certificate requests for each of the fifty users. You start with the first user, by logging in to the CA and selecting the option to Request A Certificate For A Smart Card On Behalf Of Another User Using The Smart Card Enrollment Station radio button. You then select the Smartcard User template, and enter the user name. When prompted, you put a blank smart card in the reader and press the Enroll button, followed by entering the default PIN.
  Once you have created all fifty smart cards, you continue with the configuration of the web site. You configure the site to Require Secure Channel (SSL) and configure the site certificate from the USB drive. You then configure the site to require the user to have certificates as well, enabling mapping for the specific users of this site.
  You then test access to the site from a remote machine using the smart card and PIN to be authenticated to the site. Once the test is complete, you write a short howto file and send it along with the smart card, smart card reader, and driver to each of the fifty users. You follow up with each user upon receipt to walk them through the configuration.

By now, you are feeling confident that the security of the MegaCorp network is getting under control. You are aware that there are still several critical areas that you must deal with, and today you are addressing one of those areas. You have been able to take care of the router, firewall, security policy, and intrusion detection, now you are concerned with some of the hosts in the network.
Since the organization is not very large, you are the only person working in the IT end of the company. It will be up to you to directly work on the systems throughout the network. You make a quick chart of the systems you know should be in the MegaCorp network:
Server0001, 10.10.20.101, Windows 2000 Server
Server0010, 10.10.20.102, Windows 2000 Server
Server0011, 10.10.20.103, Windows 2000 Server
Server0100, 10.10.20.104, Linux (Red Hat 8.0)
User systems, 10.10.100.100~10.10.100.200, Windows 2000 Professional
The addressing that you recommended months ago is in place, and it follows a distinct logical pattern, you are hoping that no new systems are hidden in the network somewhere.
In the company, you have been granted domain administrator rights, and no other user is authorized to have administrator, root, supervisor, or otherwise privileged level of access. All the Windows systems are to belong to one windows domain called SCNA.edu. Users are no longer allowed to install unauthorized applications, and are all to use the file servers for storage. Although they have the ability to do so, users are not supposed to store any work data on their local systems.
The servers are located in a server cabinet that is inside your office, so you decide to start working there. Using your knowledge of MegaCorp select the best solution for hardening the MegaCorp operating systems:}

• A. The first thing you do is to run a Nessus scan against all the servers in the room, noting the findings of the scans. You then begin on the servers by running some tests on the Linux server. First, you run Tripwire on the entire system to ensure that there are no rogue Root accounts, and the test is positive. Second, you ensure that there are no unauthorized objects available through the network, and third you lock the system down with Bastille.
  You then work on the Windows servers. You run a check to ensure there are no unauthorized administrator accounts, and there are not. You create a custom security template and implement the template on each server using the Security Configuration and Analysis Snap-In, and you ensure that each system is updated with the latest patches.
  Finally, you analyze the user desktops. You go one by one through the network checking for added user accounts, and you find some. You remove these unauthorized accounts and check for software and applications. Again, you find some applications that are not allowed and you remove them. You check the systems for hardware changes, and address the issues that you find.
• B. The first thing you decide to do is plug your laptop into the server room, and run a full Nessus scan on the entire network, specifically looking for every backdoor vulnerability that the application can check. This takes some time to compile, but you eventually end up with a list of issues to address on each machine.
  You move on to the Linux server, and run a fast Tripwire check on the system to look for any additional vulnerabilities. Once that check is done, you install SSH so that all access by every user will be encrypted to the server, and you run Bastille to lock down the system.
  At the Windows systems, you address any issues found during the Nessus scan, you ensure that each system is updated with the latest patches, and you ensure that the systems are all functioning as fully secure and functional file servers to the network by implementing the HISECWEB.INF template in the Security Configuration and Analysis Snap-In.
  Finally, you work on each desktop machine by removing any vulnerabilities listed in the scan report. You remove a few pieces of unauthorized hardware and many unauthorized applications.
• C. You start the job by running some analysis on the Windows servers. You do this using the Security Configuration and Analysis Snap-In, and you ensure that each system is updated with the latest patches. You find several user accounts that have been given local administrator access, and you remove these accounts. You next use the Secedit tool to implement local encryption on the shared hard drive to secure the local files for the network users.
  You then work on the Linux server. To your surprise there are no unauthorized root accounts, nor any unauthorized shares. You ensure that the permissions are correct on the shared objects, and run Bastille to lock down the server.
  You then work on the client machines. Before you physically sit at each machine, you run a Nessus scan from your office. Bringing the results with you, you go to each machine and address any issues as identified in the Nessus scan, remove any unauthorized applications
• D. You begin by running a Nessus scan on each computer in the network, using the \hotfix switch to create a full report. The report identifies every vulnerability on each system and lists the specific changes you must make to each system to fix any found vulnerabilities.
  You take the report to the server room and start with the Linux server. On the server, you run through the steps as outlined in the Nessus report, and end by locking the system using Bastille.
  Then, you move to the Windows systems, again following the steps of the Nessus report, and ending by using the Security Configuration and Analysis Snap-In to implement the Gold Standard template on every server.
  Finally, you proceed to each user workstation. At each user machine, you follow each step for each system, based on your report. Once you have addressed all the vulnerabilities in the systems, you run a quick Secedit scan on each system to ensure that they are all locked down and that proper encryption is configured.
• E. You being by running a Nessus scan from your office laptop on the systems in the network, first the servers, then the user workstations. After the scans are complete, you store the reports on your laptop, and you take your laptop to the server room.
  In the server room, you begin on the Windows servers. You implement a custom security template on each server using the Security Configuration and Analysis Snap-In, remove any unauthorized accounts, ensure that each system is updated with the latest patches, and ensure that the permissions on each shared object are as per policy.
  You then work on the Linux server, by addressing each point identified in the Nessus scan. You then lock the system with Bastille, ensure that each system is updated with the latest patches, and run a quick Tripwire scan to create a baseline for the system.
  You take your laptop with you as you go throughout the network to each user workstation, ensure that each system is updated with the latest patches, and you take care of each issue you found on the machines. There are a few systems that you find with unauthorized applications and you remove those applications.